Biden to Tap Crypto Critic as OCC Head
  The biggest crypto news and ideas of the day Sept. 23, 2021 If you were forwarded this newsletter and would like to receive it, sign up here. Sponsored by  Welcome to The Node.
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–Daniel Kuhn
Today's must-reads Top Shelf  OCC NOMINEE: The Biden administration intends to nominate Cornell University professor Saule Omarova to be the next Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the federal banking regulator. Something of a progressive nominee, Omarova has advocated for central bank consumer banking options and has criticized the idea that cryptocurrencies or fintech at large may "'revolutionize' the provision of financial services." CIRCLING THE SQUARES: Stablecoin issuer Circle is partnering with financial data aggregator Plaid to make it easier to move money out of banks and into U.S. dollar-pegged USDC. Like its partnership with Visa, working with Plaid is another way for Circle to become more deeply integrated with financial systems that run on the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network. DEFI FUND: Trading platform eToro has launched a new portfolio offering exposure to decentralized finance (DeFi) through a package of crypto assets. The minimum investment is $1,000 and has exposure to 11 DeFi assets: ether, uniswap, chainlink, aave, compound, yearn.finance, decentraland, polygon, algorand, basic Attention token and maker. PRIVATE LEDGERS: Enterprise blockchain provider Ripple is partnering with Bhutan's central bank to pilot a CBDC. The Royal Monetary Authority (RMA) will use Ripple's CBDC Private Ledger to run retail, cross-border and wholesale-payments pilot tests of a digital version of the nation's currency, the ngultrum, as part of its plan to reach 85% financial inclusion by 2023. ADS AND ENDS: DeFi oracle Umbrella Network has acquired Lucidity, a major blockchain-based digital advertising tool, in a bid to increase transparency in the ad industry. Terms of the deal weren't undisclosed. Meanwhile, an Italian bike manufacturer is riding on blockchain and radio tags to provide "proof of validity and ownership" to limit counterfeiting and theft. Finally, Neopets is launching Solana-based NFTs to revive its early-aughts gaming glory.
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What others are writing... Off-Chain Signals 
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Putting the news in perspective The Takeaway  What Happens to a Social Token When Its Creator Dies? What happens to a social token when its creator dies? That may be an odd question to ask about a technological tool that's only beginning to take off, but thinking it through may help you understand what's new in the "new digital economy" and what may never change. Part of an effort to make "ownership" central to digital goods – broadly defined as Web 3.0 and including non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) – social tokens allow creators and fans to interact through novel financial relationships. At heart, they give holders a stake in the success of some "creator."
Countless musicians (like Grammy-winning artist RAC and BT), artists (like Jen Stark), sports legends and prospects (Washington Wizards point guard Spencer Dinwiddie and UCLA sophomore guard Jaylen Clark) and even investment gurus (like Kerman Kohli) have moved into the market.
Fans buy, acquire or earn tokens, which represent a share in a creator's career. Tokens should be, but aren't always, wholly owned by someone and can be transferred or sold at will. They often come packaged with added utility – the ability to use a platform, like accessing a gated Discord channel or the right to meet your hero.
Putting money at the center of a community will no doubt influence how those communities develop. As Kinjal Shah, a senior associate at Blockchain Capital, said, "Crypto networks facilitate stronger relationships between creators and users. These relationships will introduce economic rewards and incentives to strengthen network effects." Shah's statement might be premature, but it does get to how crypto is changing how behavioral economics, platform design and finance interact. "We're [going] to need new mental and legal frameworks," Wharton professor Kevin Werbach said about crypto and fintech on Twitter. "And a bigger boat." There are already mental models for understanding "the creator economy." A decade ago, Wired editor Kevin Kelly noted how the internet allowed small-time creators to sustain themselves with only "1,000 true fans." For instance, crowdsourcing platforms like Bandcamp made it possible for musicians to produce their own albums – without the help of a label.
The same theory holds for social tokens. What's new here is the financial relationship between creators and fans – and one that can metastasize in interesting ways. The upside is clear: Creators can fund their work, communities may flower, and fans have something to cherish and hold.
It's possible that "empowered" fans may go too far. Giving someone an economic stake in your career may make them feel entitled to make decisions on your behalf. Artists may be less incentivized to experiment or change direction, and super-fans may become your most vocal critics. And it's not just your art that affects a token's price, but potentially anything you do or say. Of course, some people, like Kohli, have designed their token ecosystem to precisely give token holders a say over their "investment" decisions.
There's also the unknown effects of conflating artistic worth with financial success. In a great introduction to social tokens, venture capitalist Rex Woodbury wrote, "In the future, instead of measuring a creator's clout based on her Instagram following, we'll point to her market cap." So what happens after the token creator dies? Assuming crypto is as "unstoppable" as claimed, the tokens should still exist and be tradeable. It's possible death spells the end for a community, or, as so often the case in the history of art, a new critical awareness of their work.
There's no single answer to this question, in part because tools like social tokens allow for the creation of so many different types of communities. There will be as many tokens as ideas, as individuals willing to strike out on their own. That much is new, but the question of death is one for lawyers to work out.
–Daniel Kuhn
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